The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) are releasing this updated joint advisory to disseminate known Medusa ransomware tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) and indicators of compromise (IOCs) identified through FBI investigations as recently as April 2026. Medusa is a ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) variant first identified in June 2021. Both Medusa developers and affiliates use a double-extortion model where they encrypt victim data and threaten to publicly release exfiltrated data if a ransom is not paid